After a radical mastectomy, which complication is most likely to occur?

After a radical mastectomy, the most likely complication that occurs is lymphedema. This condition arises because the surgical procedure often involves the removal of lymph nodes, particularly in the axillary region. The purpose of these lymph nodes is to help with fluid drainage from the arm and surrounding areas. When they are removed, fluid can accumulate, leading to swelling in the arm, chest, or even the hand on the side of the surgery.

Lymphedema can be distressing for patients, leading to discomfort and potential limitations in arm movement. It's crucial for healthcare providers to monitor for signs of lymphedema after surgery and to educate patients on risk factors and preventive measures.

Other potential complications, like prolapse or incisional hernia, are less directly related to the surgical procedure of a radical mastectomy. Frozen shoulder, while a possibility due to restricted arm movement post-surgery, is not as commonly encountered post-mastectomy as lymphedema. Thus, lymphedema represents a significant and frequent complication specifically associated with the surgical management of breast cancer.